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Convert cups to grams and back for all 69 ingredients, with four cup sizes.

The full printable chart: grams per US cup for every ingredient, with sources.

The reverse direction: type grams, get cups — with a popular-weights table.

Cups to millilitres, fluid ounces, tablespoons and teaspoons for every cup type.

1 cup all-purpose flour = 120 g (King Arthur) or 125 g (USDA).

1 cup bread flour = 120 g — and how it differs from all-purpose.

1 cup cake flour = 120 g, spooned gently — never scooped.

1 cup whole wheat flour = 113 g — lighter than all-purpose, here's why.

1 cup granulated sugar = 198 g; caster, turbinado and demerara compared.

1 cup packed brown sugar = 213 g. What 'packed' really means.

1 cup confectioners' sugar = 113 g, unsifted.

1 cup butter = 226 g = 2 sticks. Stick and tablespoon conversions.

1 cup water = 237 g (USDA). Why water is the reference ingredient.

1 cup milk = 227 g on the King Arthur chart.

1 cup honey = 336 g — the heaviest common cup in the kitchen.

1 cup maple syrup = 312 g; how it compares with honey and corn syrup.

1 cup long-grain rice (uncooked) = 198 g, levelled — never shaken down.

Rolled oats 89 g, steel cut 140 g, oat flour 92 g — shape changes everything.

1 cup unsweetened cocoa powder = 84 g, spooned and levelled.

1 cup plain yogurt = 227 g — and what to do about the liquid on top.

1 cup peanut butter = 270 g; natural vs. conventional measuring tips.

1 cup table salt = 288 g (18 g per tablespoon) — and why kosher salt has no single number.

1 cup baking powder = 192 g (4 g per level teaspoon).

Type in the weather you expect and get a just-for-fun snow day chance.

The full scoring formula, factor by factor — an entertainment model, not a forecast.

The factors schools generally weigh when deciding whether to close — general information only.

Original names for 10 races and 4 classes, plus places and clan names.

Sturdy, plain-spoken human names for any kingdom.

Flowing, starlit elf names built from original syllables.

Carved dwarf names with clan names of trade and deed.

Warm, round halfling names with second breakfast included.

Infernal names and virtue names for tiefling characters.

Female infernal names and virtue names, generated from the female lists.

Male infernal names and virtue names, generated from the male lists.

Roaring dragonborn names with clan honour attached.

Clan names with their meanings — the name a dragonborn puts before their own.

Short, blunt half-orc names built to be shouted.

Names between two worlds — human sturdiness, elven melody.

Bouncy gnome names and invention-flavoured family names.

Full orc names: two hard syllables and a clan that sounds like breaking stone.

Add a wizard's earned epithet to any race name.

Whispered street names and rogue epithets for any race.

Radiant oath-titles for paladins of any race.

Stage names and bard epithets, loudly self-bestowed.

Sign-worthy tavern names: The Gilded Boar, The Howling Tankard…

Welcoming inn names for the places parties actually sleep.

Map-worthy city names built from original syllables and endings.

Small, lived-in town and village names: Applebrook, Thornwick…

A step-by-step method: race, class, backstory, sound — with worked examples.

All Handy Toolshelf in one place.

What Handy Toolshelf is, where the data comes from, and the method behind it.

How to reach Handy Toolshelf.

No accounts, no tracking, no data collection — the short policy.

The terms for using Handy Toolshelf.

Accuracy notes and the entertainment disclaimer for the snow day tool.